can l carnitine cause diarrhea Long-term effects of L-carnitine on... : European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology L-Carnitine improves gastrointestinal disorders and

High NNMT levels (which naturally happen as we age) can become a problem

Research supported by Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation #research #science #medicine #biology #heart KTH Royal Institute of Technology Joakim Lundeberg To view or add a comment, sign in 120 followers

Do glutathione injections lighten skin

The ratio is set once, under controlled conditions, rather than re-established by the end user before every dose

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Eighty-five to ninety percent of cellular glutathione is present in the cytosol, and rest 10-15% is distributed in many intracellular organelles like mitochondria, nuclear matrix, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), peroximes and nucleus.[26,27,118] Concentration of mitochondrial glutathione is similar to that of the cytosol (10-14 mM) by the volume of the mitochondrial matrix.[118] Its concentration in the human liver tissue is evaluated as 6,400 mmol/kg.[117] Relatively low (2-20 mol/L in plasma) concentration of glutathione is observed in the extracellular environment, whereas, bile acids may contain up to 10 mmol/L glutathione.[27] Glutathione concentration is found to be greatest in the liver, the organ involved in detoxification and elimination of toxins, and in the lung epithelial lining fluid (ELF) (of about 400 M), which is raised in the case of chronic smokers and lung cancer patients,[34,117] and decreased in patients with pulmonary fibrosis and acute respiratory distress syndrome.[34] The AO properties of glutathione are mediated by redox-active thiol group that becomes oxidised when glutathione reduces target molecules, which may be attributed to the fact that glutathione displays a low redox potential (E0 = 240 mV), and is found in high concentration in the cells (approximately 10-15 Mm).[118] In the presence of electrophilic substances, e.g., free radicals and ROS/nitrogen sps, glutathione readily oxidizes non-enzymatically to glutathione disulfide (GSSG).[27] As glutathione acts as electron carriers, so when electrons are lost by oxidation, glutathione becomes oxidized (GS ), and two such molecules dimerized by a disulfide bridge to form disulfide glutathione or oxidized glutathione (GSSG)